Good evening and welcome to the regular meeting of the board of education for Tuesday, January 6, 2026. This meeting is now called to order. May we please have a roll call? >> Yes, Miss Smith >> here. Miss Hinrich >> here.
>> Mr. Walker, >> present. >> Mr. Hall >> here. >> I myself am present. Williams >> I am present as well. Thank you. Uh I will just note that we have one excused absence for today. Uh we will now stand for the pledge of allegiance.
>> I pledge algiance to the flag of the United States of America and to the republic for which it stands. One nation under God, indivisible with liberty and justice for all. >> Thank you.
We will now entertain a motion to approve the agenda. Mrs. Hin, >> I move to approve the agenda for the regular meeting of the board of education, Tuesday, January 6, 2026, as presented. >> Support. >> Motion made to approve the agenda made
by Trustee Hinrich, supported by Trustee Walker. Uh to approve the agenda, is there any um discussion? Seeing none, all in favor? >> Any opposed? That motion uh passes. Thank you. Uh and now for announcements.
Welcome back uh to school. Uh appreciate uh the break. I hope everyone enjoyed their holiday, whether it was just having time off to rest or enjoying it with family. We also wish you a happy new year. This is a good time to either
create some goals or revisit your goals. I'm happy that our board of education will be doing just that in the next few weeks. uh reviewing our goals. We also have an opportunity coming up here to uh meet with the joint uh cities, both
Farmington and Farmington Hills leadership. We recently met with the city managers and I'm very happy to report that our superintendent has already advanced on a number of initiatives that we've talked about last year. So we'll be having some uh conversations around student
achievement, job readiness, school safety, um emergency preparedness and transportation along with other cross collaboration efforts. Uh we have already um uh discussed many of these
last year but look forward to advancing these conversations. We also look forward to visits to East this Friday to review programming and also to visits to schools to celebrate Martin Luther King Day coming up. I want to take this
opportunity on a somber note to offer our condolences to our board member trustee who has recently uh lost a parent. Um, I know that there are other folks uh in our area who have lost loved ones over the holiday break and for that
we offer our sincerest condolences. Uh, I also know that uh the holiday period and moving into the month of January is often a um higher depression uh time of year for many people. And I wanted to
make sure that folks knew that there are resources available. If you are suffering or that you know someone who is suffering uh please feel free to go to our website and in the search bar type in social emotional support tools
for families or simply mental health and that uh area will pop up and there are a number of resources available to people who may be suffering from seasonal depression. Uh and on that note, we will move on to uh our next agenda item,
which is public comment. Uh this is our first of two public comment periods. You have one opportunity to make public comment. Uh but you can do so either now or a little bit later in the uh presentation or in the uh agenda. As a
reminder, those who want to make public comment, we ask that you fill out a public comment form that is in the back of the room and then uh set it in this ceramic bowl that is next to Miss Colleen scripture and we will call your name. You have three minutes for public
comment and we ask that you refrain from using names where anonymity would be more approp more appropriate uh and that you direct your comments to the board of education. With that said, the first person that we have is Bill Lubaway,
followed by I believe this is Charlie uh Gabic. I apologize if I'm butchering that. Uh and then I have two more. These are the only uh public comment forms that I have at this time. >> Happy New Year.
>> Happy New Year. So, I decided I decided to start off with New Year's resolutions. None for me. They're all for you. Uh the budget season has started and I thought last year's budget was uh in the presentation
was an absolute disaster. We didn't hear about it ahead of time. We didn't see how the new programs and services uh were funded or what they intended to do, how they would change our results of of
the students uh participation in uh progress. Uh and it reminded me of u hospital budgets when I got into that in 1965 they were using 1950s mechanisms
for doing the budgets. Uh, I'm I think you're probably in the 40s. Uh, so what I have here is a handout and I figured I would give you my comments and I probably discuss them with
Jennifer or somebody like that. But it basically comes down to uh let's look at this like a business which is we have revenue coming in. It may or may not be result or related to results
and uh we don't identify where it is spent by program and uh we don't adopt a letter grade for the year. Second area I had is uh what are we doing with the remedial reading for the 1800
uh sixth grade through 12th grade students who are reading below grade level. Third area, I think that the board should review its actions in light of the bylaws. Three areas in particular.
One is the presidential duties like creating the agenda with the superintendent. Uh second area would be our committees are staffed only with board members and I guarantee you our board members don't
have the uh expertise needed to bring a sophisticated budget forward. Uh none of them do. So having three of them on the same committee doesn't get us any place. Uh, I also think we need a
parliamentarian who can uh look at the uh the rules and say when we're out of bounds like Robert's rules of order and uh there are a couple of other areas
that I want to talk about which are I'm not going to tonight. One is bullying of public commenters and the other one is despite what you're you say uh you make comments after the public comments which are not
appropriate. >> Thank you for your comments. Um I will respond to this. I respect your opinion Mr. Leoway. You may have a seat but I don't appreciate insults. To imply that none of the board members here have the expertise to participate on committees
is absurd. I am a licensed CPA and to imply that I do not have the wherewithal to review a budget is ludicrous. Next we have Charlie who can come up to the uh podium
followed by Mark Fory. Thank you very much. >> Hello everyone. My name is Charlie Guerellnik. I'm a member of the local high school robotics team, the Hackbots. We have a few very exciting months coming up. This Saturday, we have our kickoff event at Lawrence Tech. The
whole team comes together. We get a tour of the school and then we watch the gameplay reveal video where we learn the new game we have to compete in this year. I know the whole team is very excited about that. Right after we meet in one of Lawrence Tech's classrooms and we go over a very basic level,
strategies, ideas for the robot, everything like that. Then we go home. Next day we come back Saturday to Farmington High where we go into a much more in-depth explanation of the game. We go over every possible way to score points. We go over strategies we can
use, much more in-depth ways to build the robot. Um, everything like that. We rank everything. We want to focus more on this. this is more important everything like that. Then almost immediately we start construction on the robot. We design, build, code the whole
robot by ourselves. Um all the way up until March 21st, which is our first competition. It is all the way out in Jackson. However, good news. We have another competition April 4th in Leavonia, much closer to home. I know the whole team would love to see you all
come and I know we're all very excited for the upcoming season. Thank you. Thank you. Next, we have Mark Fory and followed by Eugene Greenstein. I do not have any more public comment cards after that. So, if anybody wishes to make public
comment um at this public comment period, please fill out a card. Otherwise, there will be an opportunity after um I believe just before action items, after discussion items. Thank you. >> Thank you.
Uh this is about the inclusion of sexual education concepts in kindergarten and early elementary grades. Young children are not developmentally ready for sexual topics. At ages five and six, children are still forming basic emotional
understanding, trust, and personal boundaries. Introducing sexual concepts too early can cause confusion, anxiety, and fear rather than understanding. Early childhood education should focus on literacy, math, social skills, and
other things that prepare children for the work world and outside of work. Early exposure can undermine parental roles. Families have different values, beliefs, and cultural backgrounds. Sexual education is a deeply personal topic, and parents should retain the
primary role in deciding when and how these conversations begin. When schools introduce these topics early, it risks overstepping family boundaries and eroding trust between parents and children. Research in child development emphasizes
age appropriate learning. Pushing complex topics too early does not improve outcomes and may instead lead to stress, misunderstanding, or premature exposure to ideas children cannot fully process. Our request is simple and
reasonable. We ask the board to keep kindergarten and early elementary curriculum focused on core academic and social development. Ensure full transparency with parents. Allow parental optin, not default inclusion
for sensitive topics. Respect that one approach does not fit all families. We all share the same goal to protect children, support families, and provide an education that is developmentally appropriate, safe, and effective. Thank
you. >> Thank you. And not to rebut this, but I do want to make sure that the public is aware that our um sexual education um information is available for anyone who wishes to review it at any time. So uh
and I also don't want to give the impression that there are any uh age inappropriate information being shared with young people particularly at the kindergarten and elementary school levels. Some of the information that would be appropriate for a kindergarten
or elementary school student would be something like uh names of body parts uh body privacy which I think is very important and then um how to tell a trusted adult when someone feels uncomfortable. Um those are one of or
several of many topics that are covered but if anyone is interested in understanding what the content is you're welcome to uh visit central office to review that information. Thank you Mr. Greenstein. >> Well first of all a happy and healthy
new year to everybody especially the healthy partners. Um I would like to share with you some information uh Bill and I gathered uh at the end of the year. We attended a panel discussion. on education for the trades at the Southeast Michigan Construction
Academy, Sama in Sterling Heights. SEMA offers training programs for electricians, plumbers, HVAC people, carpenters, etc. They have neat labs where you could actually build a house indoors. I'm sure you all would like to pry that. Um, these programs are in high demand and many of the classes are
taught at night as students work. The labs are, as I just mentioned, are large. They also have modern classrooms for lectures. Um but there's one major problem. Many of the students have difficulty passing for example the electrician's
exam. So they can't become a licensed electrician. Why? They can't read surprisingly enough. So obviously their salaries are diminished and that presents a major problem. As we have discussed reading is critical. I am very
concerned about what we are doing to remediate our 6th to 12th graders who are deficient in reading. They are at a minimum need to be able to pass the state licensing exam. We owe that to them. Thank you. >> Thank you very much for that. And um I want to echo your comments. Uh but I
also want to make sure that uh folks know that uh actually the primary reason that folks are unable to metriculate into the skill trades is math. uh work keys is the test that they have to pass to enter the skill trades and um math,
logic, and reasoning is the number one area where most of our students are having the most trouble. Um but we hear you and we're definitely focused on both literacy and math. Um >> I think so. Thank Thank you. Oakland County
Michigan Works is another um area similar to Sima except it focuses on Oakland County. Simka focuses on Wayne County and they offer a lot of programming too to our students particularly manufacturing day which I think just passed is a huge showcase in
uh Novi where kids are um exposed to uh the skill trades. So um we'll look for that to continue. Um, seeing no further public comments for this public comment period, we're going to close public comment and move on to our next agenda
item. My computer froze here, which is >> Oh, items from the secretary. >> Yes, >> Mrs. Secretary. >> Uh, yes. Thank you. Uh, President Williams, the board received communications regarding concerns related to gender related medical
procedures providers, questions and comments regarding the FPS board of education goals and their discussion with the community, letter grades and how students in our district measure up inquiry about the district's DEI department and a message expressing expressing thanks for the board support
of the IB program. The board acknowledges all communications and responds as appropriate. A list of correspondents is included in the board packet which is available on the FBS website. >> Thank you very much. Um, as far as legislative updates are concerned, I did
want to give everyone an update on section 31A. We had a lot of conversation about this in December. As a reminder uh to our public, this was a bit of legislation that uh conditions receiving certain funding particularly
around security on uh waving uh attorney client privilege. Um so as an update really there's been no update. The latest is that they do not expect uh the case to be taken up to the court until February. Uh we continue to advocate uh
for legislative um fixes to this and as a reminder the board of education's decision was to opt in uh but we continue to monitor uh this matter. So I have no further updates as it relates to that. Um we can now move on to district
updates. Dr. Coffin. >> All right. Thank you, President Williams. It has been a pleasure to welcome students, staff, and families back to school this week. Uh, I really hope the winter break provided everyone with time to rest and reconnect. I know I did take some advantage of that as
well. Um, it was great also right before this meeting to recognize our teachers of the year, Diane, Cassie, Terry, and Gina. Um, there are 202526 teachers of the year and um, they will be now entered into the Oakland County um,
teacher of the year program. So fingers crossed that we have some that that step up for that. Uh January is schoolboard recognition month and I would like to take this opportunity just to publicly thank our board of education members. The role of a school board member
involves countless hours of meetings and committee work all done as volunteers. I thank you all for your unwavering commitment to our students and our part and your partnership in ensuring FPS
remains focused on excellence. Our middle and high school students will be wrapping up their first semester of the school year here soon and we look forward to celebrating a successful completion of that semester. Finally, as we look toward the future, it is essential that our planning is
guided by the voices of those that we serve. We are really excited to continue our lunch and learns. Thank you to uh Trustee Hall, trustee Hinrich who joined me today at Farmington High School. It was it was a fun time along with uh building administrators and board
members and host our upcoming parent ambassador meeting and begin PTSA meetings uh where we the theme is centered on we want to hear from you. Uh through these sessions we aim to identify current successes and future
aspirations of that what families uh have for their student opportunities. We're eager to hear what our families want more academically and through enrichment programs and what makes their school a great fit for their family.
Uh parents, please be on the lookout for an invitation from your building PTA or PTSA for the dates that I will be joining um the PTA or PTSA uh right at your child's building or virtual. Uh your feedback as always is instrumental
as we align our strategic goals with the needs of the families and the students that we serve and we look forward to hearing your very valuable uh perspective. That's all I have this evening. Thank you. >> Thank you. I think we are now moving
into um the investment in teacher learning update. >> I think first is the 2020 bond. Oh >> okay. >> So I will is it investing in >> teacher learning? I have that. It doesn't matter. >> All right. So, I would like to welcome uh Miss Rhonda Henry, assistant
superintendent of innovation and strategic initiatives to the podium to provide an update on our investment in our educators. All right. I think we just need to change the presentation here.
>> There it is. There we go. Good evening, President Williams, members of the board, Dr. Coffin. Tonight's presentation focuses on our intentional investment in teacher learning and and adult professional learning as um it is essential to
advancing our district initiatives and our improvement efforts. Teachers are one of our greatest assets and they deserve meaningful opportunities to learn from each other with each other and connect to the work. Um, an investment in teacher learning is an
investment in student learning. As we work to redesign the learning experience for each of our students, providing meaningful professional learning for our teachers fits into our blueprint in various ways, but specifically adult roles, hiring and
learning, and continuous learning and improvement. Ongoing professional learning supports successful implementation of our district priorities, but it also serves as a key strategy for attracting and retaining staff as educators are more likely to
stay in our district when they feel valued, supported, and connected to the work. An example of our investment in our teachers uh is from our illustrative math training that has been happening
this school year. So teachers have four days throughout the school year where they meet by grade level or course um specific courses such as geometry or algebra 1 um to have ongoing PD with time to collaborate. And this in this
picture teachers were walking through the teacher resources. So they were looking at the units and the lessons that were to come and they were asked to identify areas within the lessons where they saw acquisition, meaning making and
transfer. And this is an example that all of our professional learning opportunities are connected back to our instructional focus. There are multiple ways that we structure and plan for adult learning.
Each spring, we develop a professional development calendar and this is collaborative across many departments um such as our HR department, special education and instructional services to build a subcal and ensure that all offerings for our teachers are aligned
with our district priorities. Um, also part of those conversations is to ensure that we offer what we offer meets our sub coverage guidelines. And so you can see here that in our first semester we had uh 33% of subrelease time supported
our math professional learning across our K12 and that's August through December and then 40% focused on our elementary literacy. The design of our professional development should model the type of learning that we want for our students
every day. So by keeping our instructional frameworks at the forefront, we want to ensure that teachers have dedicated time to collaborate and reflect on their practice. You'll see on this slide a picture of our math teachers during Illustrative Math PD. Teachers were
broken up into groups. Um during the lesson they were studying specific lessons on the upcoming uh illustrative math unit. Teachers showed their understanding on whiteboards of the lesson that they focused on and then they shared highlights and teacher tips
with each other. Again, modeling the type of learning that we want to see in our classrooms. Our professional development is also built into our school calendar throughout the year. So, we have 12 hours of required professional learning
and that's asynchronous using Canvas. In the first half of the school year, you'll see that we've accumulated 21,420 hours of professional development as part of that school calendar between August and and um December.
Here you can see a snapshot of the focus areas of learning and that and how it aligns to our key initiatives and improvement efforts across the district. Um, I also want to highlight the picture here that our teachers often share their learning. And this is we have two of our
educators sharing at Oakland schools on um their the ELA high school course redesign as well. In addition to the professional development that I noted, we provide staff with release time to participate
in differentiated learning um through the use of sub coverage and we have had a total of 5100 hours of additional professional learning during the first half of this year. Um this PD has included 45% of our teaching staff.
That's 320 teachers. Um, and note that that does not include our building leaders or staff who do not require a sub. Again, you can see a snapshot of the titles of those professional learning opportunities that align with
our district um areas of of focus. And this is just a snapshot. Teachers also reflect on their um their learning after each session. So on this slide you'll see a quote from our equitable grading practices,
professional learning and how it supports student learning. We ensure that we are continually getting feedback from teachers and they are surveyed after every session of professional development and we want to
make sure that they are living into the staff portrait of being empowered collaborators and resilient problem solvers around teaching and learning. So, there's a four-point scale that we use and uh with four being the highest and there's a quote here from an
asynchronous learning training on AI from a middle school teacher. And in closing, all of our learning supports the high-quality instruction priorities and our example of our mission of helping teachers grow,
express, reflect, and innovate. >> Mrs. Thank you so much for um giving this presentation and um sharing with us as well as the community the work that you are doing. um I know you stepped into this role
real quickly, but um from what I'm seeing, you're doing some great things and I really want to tell you thank you and I appreciate the work that you're putting into helping us um thrive with our visions and our missions and um
working with our math and reading programs and let people see that we are we are trying to make some um positive strides. Thank you so much. >> Thank you. Our instructional service department works very very hard. >> Trusty Walker and then Trusty Hinrich.
>> Just want to say thank you again for this report. What I really like about it that highlights the level of uh professionalism that goes into being a teacher. >> I think um this is just my own editorial. the lack of uh respect that people have for the profession and the
artistry of being a teacher and the level of investment that it takes in order to be a high quality, highly effective uh teacher in a classroom. It doesn't matter what the grade level happens to be and the fact that we as a district appreciate that and invest in our teachers in that way so that we can
hold on to them so we keep that excellence and greatness in house. I think this is something that we want to continue to lift up and I want to thank the entire team >> for um for for that level of commitment to um our teachers and the level of professionalism our teachers have in
being receptive to that level of investment as well. So, thank you. >> Yeah. Thank you, >> Mrs. Hinrich. >> Yeah. I just um really want to recognize that the work you're doing in the district, the work that our district is doing um on all levels, I mean from the
higher your level, the higher level as far as providing the professional learning opportunities that are meaningful for teachers. It one thing that really um resonates with me is the um is the response from the teachers and the number of teachers that really find
professional development within our district meaningful. um and it's something that they take into the classroom and it's really evident in um the way the teachers talk about professional learning. It's evident in the way the students talk about their
experiences in the classroom and it's it's um it's not an easy thing um just because we ask so much of our teachers and so much is required of our teachers and so really shown the respect but I I'm I'm just really um blown away by you
know the number of teachers that voluntarily are participating in this also I mean 45% of the FBA staff is an incredible ably high number and any um strategic planning committees that I've been on, I've always been impressed by
the teachers talk about they want more time for professional development and they find it meaningful and that that isn't in my experience in education that isn't always the case. So, it's really it's a testament to our district um from the classroom all the way up to all of
the support pieces that we have in place and meaningful student learning and student achievement isn't just about having the right resources. >> It isn't just about having the right teachers. It's about having all of the
supports in place to have the resources and the teachers know how to use them. And um it's it's a long time coming, but as far as giving the teachers time within their workday to actually um
>> to actually work on improving them their their teaching and their their profession during their workday because there's there's so many demands on um teachers and their workday is not contrary to public opinion. you know,
it's not just a 8 to3 job. Um, there's just so many demands outside of the job. So, thank you. >> Yeah. Thank you. >> Uh, Trusty Blau, >> thank you. Uh, I wanted to echo what, uh, what my, uh, colleague, uh, Miss
Henrik has said specifically with regards to creating time and opportunities for teachers to engage in this kind of learning. And uh the the time that that we are create that we are creating also
within the school day for teachers to have conversations about students about curriculum about interdisciplinary projects and uh all of those things because that is a piece that typically you know this is my 40th year in the classroom and that's a piece that has
been missing for a long time. So that we as a district are committed to providing substitutes and creating schedules so that teachers have those opportunities within the school day for ongoing dialogue and collaboration is amazing
and that only is happening because our administrators are making that happen together with the teachers and and and you know building principles. So thank you. >> Thank you Hall. This is a great great program in which that you're helping the teachers become
more effective and better all uh everyone else benefits from that. Uh I was looking through the the the type of subjects that are focused and uh I was just thinking that's a is there I love the I love the math. I love the the the
the AI. Is there like a professional development for like self-care? Because you know my thing is that you you guys are the teachers are so you know great you know test test grade like is there any way for them to be
able to be able to manage their own selves with their work balance and because of I learned that a you know a stressful teacher as a stressful parent becomes stressful kids. So I'm just thinking how is that you
know that that relates you know so >> it it's a great great idea. Uh we do >> seal training uh however specifically for the teachers and selfcare. I mean it's a it's a wonderful idea. >> Have a yoga person in there.
>> Yeah. Thank you. >> Okay. >> Thank you. Seeing no further questions I think we can move on. >> All right. So now we will have the 2020 bond quarterly update. So I'd like to welcome Mr. Scott Smith from Plantaran Real Point to the podium to provide the
update. Thank you. Good evening. And what I'm told is the last day we can officially welcome everybody to a new year. Happy new year as well. um as we do quarterly and I know some people may be watching for the first time but we do do this quarterly and it's really just a highle look at the
dashboard uh associated with the 2020 bond program uh passed in March of 2020. Uh we usually start out with this pie chart which again is simply just trying to show you that a lot of the bond is considered construction but there are so many other great things associated with it related to technology and furniture
replacements of buses etc. um at a high level and this is through um December 19th so just before the holiday um our new budget is 110,200 110 million excuse me 200,000 and that's
up about $800,000 and the difference is that um in reviewing the earned interest earned from the district that number of 4.7 has gone up from 3.9. So again, great uh investments through the business office has allowed us to do a
lot of additional work through this bond and you'll see some examples of that later in uh the agenda tonight. Our um budget remaining is 13.2 million. That's down about 1.8 from before. And our actual cost uh spent through 1219, and
this is again reconciling the district's records through the end of November, is $94.385 million. Um, so really getting up there at this point, uh, five years, five plus years into the bond.
Looking at this a little deeper, but not too deep. Um, again, our budget is the 110, and that's up slightly. Our commitments are up as well to 96 to almost $97 million. Our actual approved
are up about 2.3 million from our last update in September. And really what I wanted to focus on was that reserve owners contingency of the 821. And that's really what is money that's in the budget currently that is not
projected against any of the work that we're going to be recommending tonight. Um so again, this uh update, this forecast was done with all of the recommendations that we're presenting tonight included. Um, so the positive thing is with all that included, we're
still projecting a surplus um to be used for other things as prioritized by the district. >> Um, >> can I pause you for just a second? >> Absolutely. >> So said differently, what we're being asked to consider and approve today is already in forecasted commitments.
>> Correct. >> Although it hasn't been committed yet. >> It's either in committed or forecasted. Correct. >> Okay, gotcha. Thank you for that. won't won't would not affect the reserve. Okay. Um the pie charts really just graphically depict it. Not a lot has
changed other than probably on the buses. Um so that's almost now entirely um committed as well. And lastly, as we get to the end, really this is a a little bit of a preview of some of the the recommendation we want to present later tonight. Um, this is
what we refer to as bid package 18. It is the multi-purpose edition proposed at Farmington High School. I've just got a couple renderings courtesy of TMP Architecture who's been busy doing all of the design work for this and putting together the excellent bid documents um that we're recommending here again
tonight. But this is a look at the exterior. This is in the upper northeast corner of the building down in the I'll call it the CTE wing of the existing high school. Um, just a little bit of a footnote, but again, this is hoping to start in February. Got to pray for the
weather a little bit. It's a little bit hit or miss right now. Um, and if we can, then the goal is to have this done by the end of the calendar year. >> Can I pause you again just so that we're all aware? Can you remind us what is there right now? Nothing. >> Uh, there's a couple of bathrooms. So,
those parts that portion of the building which are not not really utilized by the school would come down in exchange for a much larger addition. So the footprint would grow. This is a rendering of the interior uh of what's being presented and what was
bid out. U again won't go into detail because I think we can talk more about it later. But as you can see the space is divided into two areas as well as a mezzanine area for u additional uh areas to to teach to use to view etc. And then
there's a a big partition in the middle that will help divide the space into two when it's appropriate and open it up when it's also appropriate in that respect. And this is just another view uh from the upper mezzanine level with storage underneath.
Lots of glass, but lots of things we're taking into consideration as well and meeting with the um end users really of the space, making sure we have appropriate blinds for when it's okay to look out and when it's when sometimes the sun could be detrimental to things that were going in in the space uh
operationally. And that really is the quarterly dashboard. It's it's getting shorter as as the bond winds down. So, uh happy to entertain any questions. Seeing none, thank you for answering mine. I appreciate that. >> Absolutely. >> Thank you.
>> Thank you. >> Oh, sorry. Get back to the agenda here. >> Uh, next we have reports from board committees. Um, Trustee Hinrich. Um yeah, I have two finance and facilities committee meetings to report
on. Um the finance and facility committee meeting on December 18th. Um myself, uh Mr. Hull and Dr. Blau were pleasant along with um a big team from um
uh Luke Kada was there. Um and then from plant Maran we had um representatives of McCarthy and Smith and we also had architectures in TMP. Um, and the only item of discussion was the bid pack number 18, which was the um addition on
Farmington High School for the uh for the um addition for the multi-purpose space and the um STEM facility. And uh it's up for a discussion item, but I just wanted to fill in just a little bit of background
information. um back, you know, a year, actually two years ago, the board recognized that uh there was a need for a STEM facility and for space for that. And we actually last year put it into the superintendent's goals to find a solution. And so this has been a project
that's a long-term project that um the district has been really working on. So they actually um you know reviewed all the space in all the buildings and looked at North Farmington and Farmington High School um as far as what
would be feasible in North Farmington High School really has a large multi-purpose space that's available right now. Farmington High School um has the the um robotics and the STEM program there, but we don't really have a space for them. And we also don't have a
multi-purpose space, a large flexible space. And so one of the goals in designing this facility was to um have something that's going to be used all the time, not just for one specific activity. And so I really want to compliment the district for really doing
their research and for the architectural firm um for coming up with this. and also um um to um McCarthy and Smith for really um managing the finances um because
there's was $3 million in savings um from all of the projects that we had that is really is um spearheading most of this. And that's one of the things that we're asked tonight to discuss and
approve. So again, we can um recognize those savings and get things done in a in a timely manner. And um the uh the um some of the things that we did as far as discussion and improving to um get
things done and save money is how this came into place. So that's up for discussion and that's all that we talked about at the um December 18th finance and facilities committee meeting. And then we had another committee meeting
just yesterday, Monday, January 5th. And um bid pack number 18 was on there again so that the board had opportunities to review the information that was shared and come back with additional questions so that we can have a meaningful
discussion and action at this meeting. So we wanted to make sure that we were actually prepared. And we also had at the um January 5th meeting um we had a review of the budget to actual which is something that I think we look at
quarterly and um the business department has put together yeah my microphone's on the business okay the business department has put together a budget to actual so that they are actually always looking at the budget and making sure that everything
is um up to date. So, I really appreciate that. Um, future agenda items. Um, I asked for a report on the warehouse, um, just because we were supposed to have some cost savings when we renovated that facility. And it was
also supposed to, um, open up some spaces in some of the buildings for um, student and and professional use. And so I asked for a a report on that in the future. And that is it for the finance and facilities
committee meeting. >> Thank you. Any questions, comments? All right. I think we're ready to move to our first discussion item. I think it's our only discussion item on Dupac 18. Yes. So, I'd like to uh welcome up uh
Mr. Scott Smith. Are you coming back up again or Okay. From Plamar Realoint, Erin Phillips uh is also here. and Bill Winrock from TMP uh to provide uh information to the
board uh on Bid 18. >> Thank you. And good evening again. I think what I'd like to do is introduce Bill Winer from TMP. Um again, they're responsible for a lot of the architecture and engineering. And I think if there are any questions uh related to the space itself, he would be
the best person to help answer them and then we can move into the recommendation itself. Um, so I just want to allow an opportunity to do that if there were any additional questions. I know we had a very good discussion at the last two finance facility meetings, but just in case, um, this is Bill Winerre with TMP.
>> Good evening. Um, was here in the past talking about this project and just wanted to thank the board for having us involved. It's been a long fun process and uh I think given the board the the dollars that we're bringing to you today and the final design I think we we came
to a good uh good conclusion to this project. So >> this is >> maybe could you just share a little bit? I mean even go back to the picture and talk about just the the things that were put into the design of the space and how
it was intentional as far as the storage and the balcony and the movable walls and the windows and the shades and all the things that you shared with us. I think that would be helpful for the whole board to kind of hear that that
information. >> So looking at the picture that we have today, um we did meet with a number of of committees and groups that were not committees but groups within the school and got feedback from all the different people that may be able using this
space. Um we ended up with a high volume space so that the uh robotics team could come in and use this space. So we started from that that developed the overall uh box so to speak of the space. There's height requirements which
allowed us to get a nice large volume. Um with that volume we were able to uh at the very east end that you can see we've got storage below but we were able to create a mezzanine and that mezzanine actually is turning into a nice um
another teaching space. could be for professional development, could be for teaching, it could be for classrooms. So technically as this space is being used, it could be divided up into three areas during the same time period. Um the space has been designed for multi-use.
Um it can be used uh during the day for educational purposes. Uh each of these spaces when the low large overhead door is closed uh they both have sinks with water. uh we can have uh project-based learning taking place and a space for
them to clean up. Uh the floors are are rubber so that it will take a lot of abuse, but it also has um sound dampening qualities to it. So they're high volume spaces, but we had our acoustical team look at this space so that we'll have some uh comfortable uh
teaching environments. So it um it really turned into a nice large uh you know the joke was that we were creating a box at the end of the school at the end of the building but we we create you know use some materials we introduced
some fabric uh colored fabric for acoustical uh concerns and I think we came up with a very nice uh space to be in a lot of natural light um from an educational standpoint you know we don't want to be in spaces that are dark and
uh without natural light. Um this end of the building uh uh works well because it is backed up to the CTE spaces. Um and knowing the square footage and and the site constraints at Farmington High,
this was a great opportunity to take some unused some small unused space off the building and uh to build this structure. So, >> Trusty Walker and then uh Trusty Smith. >> Thank you. Thank you very much for the
detailed breakdown of this and um I want to also commend our finance and facilities committee for the work that you put in with this and the information about this. Thank you very much for that. I just had a question around the windows. Did I hear in the previous
report that there would be some sort of uh blinds or blind that would be able to come down in the event of >> Okay. >> Each of the windows will have roller shades that are electrically operated. >> Okay. And and given the fact that we have the large windows, which I'm not against natural light by any stretch of
the imagination. I'm just curious about any impact to HVAC in terms of the operation of that building. Is there what was the study done around that in terms of that impact? All the windows today, they're they're energy efficient, low E, they're tinted. Um, and the uh
new rooftop unit serving the space took all that into account. Um, we go through and the state of Michigan requires us as we're designing buildings to be energy efficient. Um, they have certain parameters that we're supposed to follow. Uh this building is uh heavily
insulated uh windows, everything that we're using today is all geared towards uh energy efficiency. So >> appreciate that. Thank you very much. >> Um thank you um to the finance and facilities uh team and committee. You've
done a great job. I'm glad you didn't add a ballroom. Um but um um I really really really appreciate the work that you all have done to put into this. You have done a phenomenal job.
Um but my mo most important thing I want to know is will this help our uh hackbox? I don't want them to be where they have a robot that these students have worked so hard on that if another
group comes in that their uh hackbox materials will be destroyed. So, are we going to be sure that nothing happens to these robots and all this other stuff? Well, I can say that part of the design
of this facility was with that large overhead door was to be able to close the space off so that we give the Hackbots team a space to be able to set up their field and not be interrupted by other programming. >> So, the end of the building has a large
storage room. So, as the hackbots are not utilizing that space, the equipment can go inside that storage room. And we're also adjoining the uh CTE area or the maker space that's across the hall, so to speak. So, there's going to be a a
doorway that goes from this new addition directly into the uh maker space. So, as they're working on on robots and they're doing different uh things through the uh maker space, they can wheel it right through the doors into this room. So
technically they they during their time uh that room is safe and secure. >> Okay. And thank you. Thank you so much and happy new year. Thank you for no ballroom. >> Yep. >> Uh so the the dark gray is that field
>> that's representing the field. Now the the flooring throughout this whole space will be the same rubber and the field is removable. So what we were trying to show in these photographs is that you do have space and we were just making sure that everybody understood that the field will fit within those boundaries.
>> Absolutely. Thank you. >> Did you did you talk about all of the all of the people that were involved in the planning and all the input all the Did you share that with the >> He he did but I it wasn't specific. Do you uh beyond the hackbox teams were I'm
guessing you talked to teachers and >> we had staff present. Um apologize, don't ask me everybody's names that were at these meetings. Um but we did bring in staff. So the principal was involved and the principal brought down staff members that could ultimately use this
space. Um I know we had a member there from uh the math department. Um we had people come in, you know, the um the hackbots and the CTE programs. um and some other teachers that came down to share their knowledge about what is
usable, how we want to use this. We wanted to make sure we brought enough people in to get us uh to a point where we've got usable educational space. Um wanted to make sure that everything is flexible, so all the furniture can be moved out of the way. Um that the space
could be totally uh uh flexible from that standpoint. We've got cord reels coming down from the ceiling u so that there's there's uh power for anything that you could possibly want to do in this space. Um so we got a lot of good feedback from the staff.
>> You mentioned the uh flooring for the hackbox is removable. How does how does that work? >> Um from a 30,000 foot level. Yeah. as we go through. Um the it's it's a carpet material and again, you know, everybody
is using a little bit different uh materials, but it's a rolled product that comes down on the floor. They set it up. It's got the lines on it. Everything's set up for their program. Um so it is something that is not permanent. And when it does come up, obviously
that'll be another classroom space. And what's the um I'm sorry if I missed this information. The approximate capacity of of persons that this space would hold. >> Right now, this is set up to um obviously two classrooms. So they're
they're set up to be in that 25 to 50 person uh classroom, so to speak. Um it's a very large space. There's there's or 4500 square ft. So each space is roughly 2,000 square ft. Um, when you
think of a classroom, a classroom is in that 800 to 900 square feet. So, they'll fit two full classrooms. The nice thing, I I don't have the exact count, but should this be a professional development where you have chairs or what have you, you're going to be able to fit a few hundred people in that
space, uh, from a teacher standpoint, if you set it up like the the boardroom here. >> Thank you. Y and and one of the other things that we asked about at the finance committee and um President WS asked about also we talked about was the
all-in cost. And so right now tonight we're we're voting on the um construction costs and that's what the board has to approve. But on page 103 in the in the board packet, there's an additional memorandum. And so it's got the cost of um the construction
considenc contingency, professional services, um furniture estimate, technology estimates, and so that all of those things have been factored into the cost also. And so those those things are within the the district's budget. So we
won't have to be looking for additional money. And so when it's completed, and one of the reasons we're trying to act tonight is the goal is next year at this time we're gonna we should hold our board meeting there and have a christening of the uh the STEM center.
>> And I I want to compliment um Dr. Coffin also because the board asked for a short-term solution for the students that are here now. And this is really a state-of-the-art facility which is really a a long it's a beginning um of a
long-term solution. And so it's not just a band-aid. So it it's um there there's been just a lot of planning, a lot of intentionality, a lot of input. Um, and it's it's really a testament because we have a a group of
adults and experts here. And we didn't ask the experts to go into the building and tell them what they think they should need. We went into the building and worked with them collaboratively and so that we know what they need and so we're meeting the needs. And so that's
really a I I think it's a nice compliment to our district the way we re we we really respect our students and our staff and we really are working as a team to um you know meet the needs of everyone. >> Thank you Walker.
>> And piggybacking off of what Trustee Hinrich uh just said um thank you to everybody who's participated in this project. But I really want to lift up and acknowledge the hackbots for their advocacy, for their steadfast advocacy of having a space, lifting your voice up
in the most appropriate professional of ways. Um, thank you for believing in yourselves and and that passion to do this kind of work for yourselves and um blessing the entire district with I mean not the districts, excuse me, but for our Farmington High with this facility.
So, thank you to the entire team and all those associated with it. >> Um, I I want to echo everything that's been said. I also want to acknowledge that I've kind of been the person on pause for the past couple of years. Um,
in all frankness, um, and it's not because I'm not supportive. I fully support high quality, high-end facilities, uh, for our school district and for our students. My pause has been on
um moving forward in any one area without a comprehensive plan. Uh I am a person who likes to be planful, who likes to understand the bigger picture. Um, as an example, you know, I I don't
like the idea of moving forward as an example in in in transforming one school into an elementary school and and and putting in a playground only to find out a year later that we need to turn it into a middle school. You know, I I I
I'm the person who needs to understand more about what our plan is longer term. And I know that we have yet work to do there. I know that we are still in the process of understanding what our programming needs to be and what
facilities we need to fit into that programming going forward. I know that we are reimagining high school and I know that we're trying to figure out what space we need eventually. What I'm pleased by is that this is, as you mentioned, I really like the way
that you set this up, uh, Mrs. Hinrich a um a first step in towards our longer term strategy. Um I'm not interested in in just building something for one um uh
group or one area or one um you know um STEM or science area. I'm really more interested in understanding what our comprehensive needs are so that because you know I'm a conservative person and I want to make sure that we're using our
dollars properly. Uh that said I have asked a lot of questions. I've satisfied myself that this is moving in that direction. Um I do have a few questions. So uh I'm I'm happy to see that this is solving a number of problems. uh one it
addresses the needs of the hackbox but more comprehensively it is addressing some uh capacity issues we have at Farmington High School overall where we are sort of bursting at the seams there and need some additional classroom space. So what I'm interested in
understanding is how is this um addition going to be used during the school day? Are we saying that definitively there will be two classrooms in here? one classroom in here. How is that helping address the um you know capacity issues
that we have at Farmington High School? And I'm I'm sure that's not a question for you guys. It's more a question for administration. >> Yeah. So, uh, during the Hackbots season where they're practicing, uh, to leave their, uh, things set up would would
limit the second big space, but they will always have the one big space. And that's, uh, you guys will have to tell me. It's like February through a March. Aprilish. Yeah. So for that little bit
of time now people can still use it but we they leave their uh equipment the they leave that set up like their field the rest of that is is available as well as the mezzanine. Um so right now there are areas of the building that they
still have to try to set up and it's it's left out in places that we don't use currently. So um but the goal is to have this used during the day. It could be used during the day um based on the needs, but that there is there is that small chunk of a couple months that that
it may need to be set up more permanently. Um >> okay. Um, we also mentioned and thank you for answering the question around what we're being asked to approve today is below budget, which is great, but there are
additional costs of almost a million dollars associated with furniture, fixtures, um, resources. And so whereas this funding would be coming from the bond, there's a small piece of that million, maybe 200,000 of it that's also coming out of bond proceeds. Correct.
But where is the other funding coming from? Is that coming out of general fund? >> So everything is already encumbered in the bond. So the tech piece is part of the tech bond and the furniture. So everything is in the bond. The construction costs are what has been
separated out. But Scott, you can probably explain it better than than I can. >> I'm reading that. And >> 103. >> Let me clarify all of the whether it's the cost tonight or the total cost in your board packet. It's all being funded by the 2020 bond,
>> including what are called the soft costs, including the professional s. Okay. >> Yep. >> Just some of those have been committed, right? Like we can't get here without having the architect already complete the design and such. So, >> gotcha. >> Some of that's already um forecasted.
Um, one of the other questions that I asked was around um, other work around the district that may need to be done related to facilities or HVAC or, uh, roofs, right? All of that sort of stuff.
And so, um, I'm happy to report that the district has reviewed its facility conditions and capital needs and concluded that there no major urgent needs in the next couple of years. And I know this bond ends in 2028, right? Or
proceeds need to the bond needs to be spent down by 2028. Is that correct? >> Yeah. June 30th. >> June 30th. Okay. Um I think I think that I got myself satisfied and it feels like everybody else has got their questions answered as
well. But um I do want to echo what my colleagues have said about the thoughtfulness here um about uh the the longer term visioning here. I know we had some questions I had some questions around equity in facilities across our buildings and I got satisfied that that
was being considered. Um so I appreciate there there have been a lot of questions around this and I'm feeling better about um moving forward. Again I've never been against having you know good facilities. I've just um want to make sure that we're being more comprehensive in our
thinking. >> Okay. >> Yes. >> And just to, you know, since I've been on the board and we've been on the board, everybody acknowledges we're in a need as this bond is wrapping up for a long-term assessment and facility. But
this kind of bridges that because um recognizing the need for the students that students only have four years of high school, you know, for the students that are here now, it's great to say, well, in the future, these things are going to happen, but um this is an
opportunity to bridge the future needs with the here and now needs. And um as we're moving and adapting and innovated, it's something that's not going to become obsolete. It's something that we
will use and grow into. And it it's a it's a it's a valuable um thing that we can do in the present and fortunately we had the money to do it through fiscal um responsibility. So, thank our our team
for doing that and thank our community for, you know, back in 2020, which was 5 years ago now, for actually passing that bond and really investing in our school district. So, thank you. >> Any other um board members want to have
discussion? >> Yes. I just wanted to add that we we um have invested significant uh dollars in some of our safety and security with um camera, you know, security camera upgrades and
film on windows and things and we've invested significantly in some of our athletic fields. Um and so um I feel very um happy that we are also investing
in this additional space for another group of uh of students from all of our high schools um including visions who participate uh that we are making this investment in
this kind of uh space for them. So >> thank you. >> Yes, Mr. Um, I want to say that, um, I'm just going to be transparent. Um, this is a multi-purpose
room. This is not a building or a room just for hackbox. Um, and the reason I'm saying that is because we are live and I'm pretty sure that there are people that are watching that will come
back and say, "Oh, well, Hackbox got their own building." And then next and you'll be like, "Well, we" You'll get people that come in, well, we are a culinary, so can you do this and can you do that? This is not a college campus
where we're going to build all these buildings for everybody to be able to have whatever they want. Um, I do want Hackbox to have something, but
I want others to be able to engage and use that building as well. Um, we're not a poor district, but we are not like some of these other districts or even parochial and private entities
where different people will have their own building. So, I don't want this boardroom to be filled with people saying, "Well, you gave Hackbox something and now I need this." or you have the hackbox people being attacked
by other groups. So, at the end of the day, let's not call this the hackbox building. This is a multi-purpose building that students of all groups can use.
Thank you. >> Thank you, U Mr. Hall. Yeah, just uh echo what Trusty Smith says that this is a multi-purpose room in which that as for my tenure of being uh helping out
with like different programs within the district that a lot of times for instance the um the Saturday tutorings a lot of times we're kicked out of the our space and come to other facilities and with this particular new space coming up
when there's like a district-wide right? Or they holding a some type of special event. This is a nice place to actually have uh a different type of venue which we can actually host. So I'm seeing when I'm seeing this, I'm seeing more more
things just you know doing building robotics. I'm I'm looking at you know just being a premier uh place to actually say hey we got the facilities for it. We can move some of the chairs out the way and and have things set up. So, this is a I believe this is a great
addition and a good investment for the district. Um, so we be able to have state of art space and everything instead of us had to always ship out to go somewhere else, it's all in house. So, I I appreciate that >> like super Saturdays like if the space
that you're usually using isn't available. >> Yes. >> Okay. Um, thank you guys for discussion. Thank you for your presentation. We really appreciate that. I think we are ready to move to our next agenda item which is public comment. If there is anyone who wishes to make public comment
for the second public comment round, you may do so now. >> Mr. Francis, we know who you are. >> Um, >> welcome Mr. Francis. You have three minutes. >> Thank you. Uh, good evening board members and Dr. Coffin. I obviously am
here regarding Big Peek 18. Um, I just wanted to keep it short tonight and say thank you to everyone who has contributed to getting Bidpack 18 ready to be voted on tonight. Um, I think it's a really great step for not only
Hackbots but the entire district as a whole to kind of put us closer to being the premier program that um, all parents, students, and anyone else involved in the community wants us to be. Um, I know I started coming in here
probably what two years ago at this point. Um, and just to see that this is something concrete now and those renderings which I saw for the first time tonight which were beautiful. Um, to actually see that come to fruition is kind of a dream come true for me. It's a
weird feeling. Um, not sure how to describe it yet, but I'm just very excited. And, uh, I know got a couple Hackbots members here tonight, but there's a whole team that will see this meeting later on in the week, probably
uh, this Saturday when we get the game reveal. and they're just going to be so happy to know that um you know ideally in a coming year they're going to be able to use that space and they're going to have uh you know this dedicated area
that you've all worked so hard to provide for them. Um so thank you for that truly appate. >> Thank you. Any further public comment? Any further public comment? Seeing no further p public comment, public comment
is now closed and we will move on to action items. Is there a motion? Mrs. Hinrich, >> I move that the board of education approve bid pack number 18 for the Farmington High School multi-purpose room edition at Farmington High School
as presented in the amount of 3,173,918.80 80s which includes a 10% construction contingency support. >> Motion made by Trustee Heinrich, supported by Trustee Smith to approve bid pack 18 for the Farmington High
School multi-purpose room addition uh as presented in the amount of 3,173,918.80 which includes a 10% construction contingency. Is there any discussion? Any further discussion? Seeing none, may we have a roll call vote, please? Mr. Secretary,
>> yes. >> Miss Smith, >> yes. >> Miss Hinrich, >> yes. >> Mr. Walker, >> yes. >> Mr. Hall, >> yes. >> I myself, yes. President Wis, >> yes. >> Motion passes. >> Motion passes. Thank you. Uh, is there a uh will we entertain a motion for the
policies? Mr. Walker. >> I move that the board of education adopt the policy board governance committee's recommendations as recommended by Miller Johnson as presented and wave the second reading for the following policies. Uh item one, an update to 19.01
uh behavior personal electronic devices and item two which will be policy 4003 um conditions of employment employees and recording devices. support motion made by Mr. Walker, supported by
Mrs. Smith to approve or adopt the policy board governance committee's recommendations as recommended by Miller Johnson as presented and wave the second reading for the following policies both behavior personnel electronic devices and conditions of employment employees and
recording devices. Um is there any discussion for myself? I will acknowledge I recall the second um matter. I do not recall the first matter. >> First matter was no change in our current policy.
>> No change. That's exactly what I was hoping >> cuz I was like, wait, didn't we decide not to? So I was curious as to why that was on there. But our recommendation was not to >> not to change. They offered a recommendation that we said. >> Thank you. That's what I was thinking. Thank you.
>> Yeah. I I just want to share a a comment about personal electronic devices. I was at Farmington High School today >> and I wanted I was standing in the hall at passing time because I was curious to see if the kids were all on their cell
phones walking in the halls and um compliment to the parents I think because it was a very small percentage of kids were carrying their cell phones and they were visible. I actually was counting them and I think I counted like up to 38 and there were like a lot of kids that passed by. So, and I'm a
numbers person and even a lot of them were just carrying them but they weren't on them. So, they weren't like zombies walking down the hall walking into things like you know doing their their phones sort of thing. They were they were talking to each other and interacting with each other and acting
like I think teenagers should act like as far as communicating. Um, so it was kind of nice to see that. So I I think that our our district last year was really intentional and um, you know, and I I really want
some followup and see how it's working. But um from my observation today, the district was intentional in trying to help because this is the world that our children are growing up in and I have teenage grandchildren and it's a really
challenge and so um you know our district is really intentional and one of the things that the principal said is we want to give kids agency as far as learning to regulate themselves and um so I think It's good that we're
leaving the policies at the building level and supporting that um rather than coming in as big brother as a board in town and what they what they should do rather than asking the people involved and what their needs are too.
>> Thank you. I think we're ready for a roll call vote. Mr. Secretary, >> Mr. Hull? >> Yes. >> Mr. Walker? >> Yes. >> Miss Hinrich? >> Yes. >> Miss? >> Yes. I myself am a yes. President we >> I'm a yes. Motion passes. Thank you. Uh
we'll now entertain a motion for the consent agenda. >> Mr. Walker, >> I move that the board of education approve the January 6, 2026 consent agenda as follows. Uh approval of the minutes. Item number one,
December 16th, 2025 special meeting. Item number two, December 16th, 2025 close session meeting. Item number three, December 16th, 2025 regular meeting. Item number four, December 18th, 2025 finance facility committee
meeting. And item five, January 5th, 2026 finance facility committee meeting. >> Support motion made by uh Trusty Walker, supported by Trusty Smith to approve the consent agenda. Any discussion? Seeing none, all in favor?
>> Any opposed? Any abstensions? That motion passes. Moving on to reports from board representatives. Do we have any reports, Mrs. Heinrich? >> Um, Oakland County Schoolboard Association um January meeting is January 21st. The program is Pearls of
Wisdom 2.0. There was a survey sent out um to all of our board members and based on that there's going to be tabletop discussion on um topics of interest to board members. Uh, registration closes on January 14th. So, if you're available
to attend, um, please let Colleen know and she'll get you registered. >> Thank you, Mr. Walker. >> Uh, just piggybacking off of something that was said earlier, I'm looking forward to meeting with the student roundt at the end of this month uh to help bring student voice into our policy
decisions and discussion. Uh, I understand that uh students are pretty excited, but I don't know if they're as excited as I am to have this conversation. So looking forward to uh bringing back some good information from our our students. >> Thank you. And I just want to close with
um an appreciation for our board members in board appreciation month. I think we're having some really good thoughtful discussion. Uh I appreciate and respect everybody's opinion and differences differences of opinion where that
occurs. And I also appreciate the public attending and providing comment. It is uh often where we identify where we need to do something different. Mr. Francis, uh so thank you very much for your um participation. We appreciate you. And
with that, we are now adjourned.